Description
Latin Name: Hypothenemus hampei
Lure: High-release lure
Lure Active Ingredient: Ethanol + Methanol
Field Life: 60 days
Trap to Use: Panel Trap
Monitoring Strategy: In smaller fields, use one trap every 1 to 1 ½ acre. A minimum of two traps should also be used for fields of uneven topography. For larger fields (10 acres or greater) use 1-2 traps per five acres. Traps should be placed near the highest point of the plant. Traps should be checked weekly or more frequently, depending on pest population. Check with Cooperative Extension or Master Gardener for local information and recommendations.
Cultural and Physical Control: Tree – inspect the berries and look for a small cylindrical perforation. Look at the lower branches and fallen berries as these may be more likely to be infested. Coffee beans – as the perforation on berries may be difficult to see, rub suspect beans between the hands to remove the parchment and look for the perforation.
Distribution: In all places where coffee is grown, except Papua New Guinea
Hosts: Coffee (Arabica and Robusta), and Brazil Nut.
: Adult: Males are apterous, stunted and deformed. Females with body 1.4-1.6 mm long and 2.3 times as long as wide, entirely black.
Larvae: White, legless, fine but sparse hairs. Up to 2 instars with second instar larvae growing to 2.2 mm long.
Eggs: Elliptical or ovoid in shape, milky-white and shiny when first laid, 0.5-0.8 mm long, 0.25- 0.35 mm wide.
Life Cycle: The maturation of the insect (from egg to adult) lasts between 24 and 45 days, varying according to the weather. Usually, the female drills the berry through the central disc, although it can enter through the side walls if the fruit is dry. Two days after the access, the beetle lays 35– 50 eggs, which produce 13 females for each male. The lifespan for females is 35–190 days and for males 40 days. The new insects mate inside the seed. Some females lay the eggs in the same coffee plant, others colonize new ones. The males never leave the fruit. The same plant can host three to five generations of beetles. Up to 100 beetles can be found in a single fruit. The insect is very sensitive to desiccation and waits for the rains to leave the fruit. The most affected areas in the crops are the shady and moist ones.
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